Noise-Robust Ultrafast Entanglement Generation in Rydberg Atoms via Quantum Optimal Control

Abstract

We present a comprehensive theoretical analysis of ultrafast entanglement generation between two Rydberg-blockaded atoms, explicitly accounting for realistic laser noise. Using femtosecond Gaussian pulses as a baseline, we systematically evaluate Bell-state fidelity sensitivity to amplitude and phase noise across white, pink (1/f), and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck spectra using Monte Carlo ensemble simulations. Our results show that amplitude noise is well tolerated, with fidelities above 90% even at 30% noise levels, while phase noise is the primary limiting factor, causing fidelity to drop rapidly beyond about 1% noise amplitude. The spectral structure of the noise is also important: pink noise consistently causes less fidelity loss than white noise of the same amplitude. By applying quantum optimal control theory (QOCT) with the D-MORPH algorithm under multiple equality constraints, we obtain a double-pulse structure with a spectral notch that achieves approximately 99% fidelity in the noise-free case and maintains high fidelity under moderate amplitude noise. A breakdown threshold near 1% amplitude noise is identified, beyond which even optimized pulses cannot sustain coherent control. These results offer practical benchmarks for the development of ultrafast neutral-atom quantum processors operating in the femtosecond regime.