Linear Response for Contracting on Average Iterated Function Systems

Abstract

Consider the following probabilistic contracting on average iterated function system $$Φ= \left\{f_i (x) = λ_i x + d_i,\;i=1,2 ;\;\; p = \left(\frac{1}{2} , \frac{1}{2}\right) \right\},$$ where the contraction ratios $λ_1 , λ_2$ are such that $0<λ_1<1<λ_2$ and $λ_1λ_2<1$. Denote by $μ_{λ_1,λ_2}$ its stationary measure. We study the differentiability of $$(\heartsuit)\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad λ_1 \mapsto \int_{\mathbb{R}} ϕ(x) \,dμ_{λ_1,λ_2}(x),$$ where $ϕ$ is a suitable test function. We establish three cases where $(\heartsuit)$ is differentiable and show the derivative coincides with the one obtained by taking formal derivative, which can be generalized to the case of multiple maps with different probabilities. We also present sufficient conditions under which there exists a smooth, bounded test function $ϕ$ so that $(\heartsuit)$ is not differentiable.