Co-Design of Cryptographic Parameters and Delay-Aware Feedback Gain for Encrypted Control Systems

Abstract

Encrypted control employs homomorphic encryption (HE) to protect both the computation and communication stages, making it a promising approach for secure networked control systems. Most existing results pre-design a controller in the plaintext domain and then implement it over encrypted data. However, this can be problematic because HE induces non-negligible communication and computation delays that typically increase with the security level, potentially degrading control performance and even destabilizing the closed-loop system. To address this issue, we propose a co-design framework for cryptographic parameters and delay-aware feedback gain. We first characterize an upper bound of the encryption-induced delay as a function of the cryptographic parameters. Then, for a given set of cryptographic parameters and feedback gain, we derive a sufficient condition under which the closed-loop system remains stable for all admissible delays, expressed as a finite set of linear matrix inequalities. This leads to a tractable outer-inner design procedure: the outer loop selects cryptographic parameters satisfying the desired security level, while the inner loop seeks a stabilizing delay-aware feedback gain.