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arXiv · 2604.18014

Exponential quantum space advantage for Shannon entropy estimation in data streams

Weijun Feng·Yongzhen Xu·Lvzhou Li·Gongde Guo·Song Lin
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Abstract

Near-term quantum devices with limited qubits motivate the study of space-bounded quantum computation in the data stream model. We show that Shannon entropy estimation exhibits an exponential separation between quantum and classical space complexity in this setting. Technically, we develop a two-stage quantum streaming algorithm based on a quantum procedure with an explicitly constructed oracle derived from the streaming input. This algorithm achieves logarithmic space complexity in the accuracy parameter over the data stream, whereas any classical streaming algorithm under the same pass complexity requires polynomial space. In sharp contrast, existing results for Shannon entropy estimation in the quantum query model achieve only a quadratic speedup. Our work establishes a natural problem with practical applications in computer networking that admits an exponential quantum space advantage, revealing a fundamental gap between quantum query complexity and streaming space complexity.

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Weijun Feng, Yongzhen Xu, Lvzhou Li, Gongde Guo, Song Lin. 2026-07-28. Exponential quantum space advantage for Shannon entropy estimation in data streams. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.18014

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