N-fold topological mode replication in hierarchical honeycomb lattices

Abstract

Multi-band topological states enable robust and versatile wave manipulation across a variety of physical platforms. However, the emergence of multi-band topological states has relied on higher-frequency modes with complex spatial profiles, which constrains the realization of robust topological states due to fragile symmetry and pseudospin hybridization in these modes. Here, we show a general design principle for scalable multi-band topological states by replicating a robust fundamental topological mode in the frequency domain. By introducing hierarchical resonators as an internal degree of freedom into a quantum spin Hall-based lattice, multiple topological states emerge discretely in correspondence with the hierarchical levels while preserving the spatial profile of the fundamental mode at the host lattice. Implementing this design principle in a versatile microelectromechanical platform, we experimentally demonstrate that the fundamental and replicated topological modes propagate simultaneously in a single waveguide while suppressing mutual cross-talk. Our results establish topology replication as a universal strategy for designing multi-band topological systems and open routes toward multi-channel topological wave devices.