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arXiv · 2604.24502

Colored Stallings graphs and Counterexamples to Stallings equalizer conjecture

Jialin Lei·Teng Zhang
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Abstract

The famous Stallings equalizer conjecture has remained open for more than 40 years, which states that, for any free group \(F_n\) of rank \(n\ge 2\), any free group \(F\), and any two monomorphisms $g,h:F_n\to F,$ the equalizer $\Eq(g,h)=\{w\in F_n\mid g(w)=h(w)\}$ satisfies $\rk \Eq(g,h)\le n.$ The only known case is $n=2$, due to A. D. Logan in 2022. By introducing the notion of colored Stallings graphs, we show that for every integer \(n\ge 2\) there exist monomorphisms $g,h:F_n\longrightarrow F_2$ such that$\rk\Eq(g,h)\ge 2n-2.$ This disproves Stallings equalizer conjecture for $n\ge 3$.

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Jialin Lei, Teng Zhang. 2026-05-09. Colored Stallings graphs and Counterexamples to Stallings equalizer conjecture. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24502

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