Vega-Video: Integrating Video into the Grammar of Graphics

Dominik Winecki; Arnab Nandi

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arXiv · 2604.24958

Vega-Video: Integrating Video into the Grammar of Graphics

Dominik Winecki·Arnab Nandi

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Abstract

Video data is increasingly used alongside conventional data for interactive data exploration, necessitating interfaces for exploring and presenting mixed-modality data. However, integrating video into visualizations remains difficult due to its distinct paradigms and inherent performance challenges. We identify three classes of video data visualization - synchronization, annotation, and transformation - and integrate them into the Vega declarative grammar. We show that these abstractions enable high-performance implementation. To reconcile Vega's instantaneous dataflow with video player state, we introduce a split-signal architecture that preserves declarative semantics while masking video update delays. We detect continuous scrubbing interactions at compile time to apply encoding-aware optimizations that improve responsiveness by up to 4x. We also repurpose VOD protocols to transform videos in real time, delivering sub-200ms updates even on multi-hour-long compilations. These contributions enable seamless integration of conventional and video data visualization.

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Dominik Winecki, Arnab Nandi. 2026-04-27. Vega-Video: Integrating Video into the Grammar of Graphics. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.24958

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