Direct characterization of classical dephasing noise for a qubit

Abstract

We propose a general method to characterize classical stochastic noise causing qubit dephasing through repetitive Ramsey interferometry measurements (RIMs) on the qubit. Compared to filter-function-based spectroscopy, our method with simpler pulse control is less constrained by probe coherence time and can directly detect arbitrary-order correlation functions of quasistatic noise processes. We show that each RIM with a short evolution time and suitably chosen control pulses directly samples the noise field and the $n$-point correlations of the RIM outcomes are proportional to the $n$-point correlation functions of the noise processes. We demonstrate the method numerically for two representative cases: an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Gaussian process and a non-Gaussian ensemble of two-level fluctuators. While practical constraints such as readout contrast and sampling cost persist, our method offers a direct route to quasistatic classical noise spectroscopy across diverse platforms.