IteRate: Autonomous AI Synthesis of In-Kernel eBPF Wi-Fi Rate Control Algorithms

James Lynch; Ziqian Liu; Snehadeep Gayen; Om Chabra; Hari Balakrishnan

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arXiv · 2605.02542

IteRate: Autonomous AI Synthesis of In-Kernel eBPF Wi-Fi Rate Control Algorithms

James Lynch·Ziqian Liu·Snehadeep Gayen·Om Chabra·Hari Balakrishnan

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Abstract

Wi-Fi rate adaptation remains a persistent challenge in wireless networking. Deployed algorithms like Minstrel-HT have remained largely stagnant for over a decade, relying on hand-tuned heuristics that fail to generalize to the complexity of modern wireless environments. We present \name, an autonomous research system that closes the loop on rate control development. IteRate uses a multi-agent AI architecture to conduct the full scientific cycle: formulating hypotheses, writing eBPF programs that run inside the Linux kernel, deploying them over-the-air to Wi-Fi devices, collecting fine-grained telemetry for analysis, and iterating based on experimental evidence, all without human intervention. IteRate makes three contributions. (1) a novel kernel module that exposes per-frame hardware telemetry including modulation and coding schemes (MCS) and retry counts to eBPF programs, (2) a structured agentic AI architecture employing specialized agents for algorithm design, experiment execution, and data analysis, coordinated via a hypothesis-driven research protocol with persistent knowledge, and (3) a closed-loop pipeline that automates the cross-compilation, deployment, and evaluation of in-kernel logic onto embedded Wi-Fi targets. On a 58-node testbed running five workloads. relative to the well-known Minstrel algorithm, IteRate achieves 21% faster web-page loads, 7% higher video quality of experience (QoE), and 21% higher peak throughput. Our work demonstrates that AI agents, when equipped with appropriate kernel-level hooks and a disciplined scientific workflow, can effectively automate the research required to design Wi-Fi rate controllers.

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James Lynch, Ziqian Liu, Snehadeep Gayen, Om Chabra, Hari Balakrishnan. 2026-05-04. IteRate: Autonomous AI Synthesis of In-Kernel eBPF Wi-Fi Rate Control Algorithms. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02542

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