Lack of self-averaging of the critical internal energy in a weakly-disordered Baxter model

Abstract

We investigate the first two moments of the critical internal energy $E$ in a weakly disordered two-dimensional Baxter eight-vertex model as a function of the system size $L$, evaluated at the pseudo-critical point. Disorder is introduced via an equivalent representation of the pure eight-vertex model in terms of two ferromagnetic Ising models coupled by a four-spin interaction of strength $g_0$, where the Ising couplings consist of a uniform ferromagnetic part $J>0$ supplemented by weak Gaussian spatial disorder. In the critical regime, the model is formulated in terms of interacting Grassmann-Majorana spinor fields with quartic interactions and analyzed, for small positive $g_0$, using a combination of replica and renormalization-group methods. We also run extensive numerical simulations measuring the critical internal energy. Our results show that its relative variance increases with $L$ and approaches a finite constant as $L \to \infty$ for both $\pm g_0$. Hence, fluctuations remain relevant independently of the sign of $g_0$ (and thus of the specific-heat exponent), implying a lack of self-averaging of both the critical internal energy and the free energy. Consequently, reliable estimates of these quantities require averaging over many disorder realizations. In addition, we numerically confirm earlier predictions concerning the absence of self-averaging of the critical internal energy in the disordered Ising model.