Automorphism groups of direct products of multiplicative monoids of certain rings

Abstract

In this paper, we establish a rigidity result for automorphisms of multiplicative direct products of $D$-rings which are total ring of fraction that have pairwise distinct cardinalities. Under these assumptions, every automorphism acts independently on each factor, so that no interaction between distinct components occurs; in particular, the automorphism group decomposes canonically as the direct product of the automorphism groups of the factors. As a consequence, the automorphism group of the multiplicative monoid of integers modulo $n$ is entirely determined by its $p$-power components.