Secondary Electron-Only Reconnection Driven by Large Scale Ion-Coupled Reconnection and Electron Kelvin-Helmholtz Instabilities in Hybrid Simulations of Solar Wind Turbulence

Abstract

Electron-only reconnection (EREC) is a magnetic reconnection regime occurring within subion-scale current sheets (CSs), exhibiting only electron jets, without any ion outflows. EREC has been first observed in the Earth's magnetosheath, where its occurrence is linked to the small correlation length of magnetic fluctuations, limiting the growth of CSs to very large scales. On the other hand, the development of EREC in open systems with large magnetic correlation lengths, such as the solar wind (SW), remains an open question. To address this problem, we employ a large-scale 2D hybrid simulation with finite electron inertia, investigating the development of EREC driven by turbulence. By injecting energy at very large scales, we allow EREC to develop spontaneously due to the turbulent cascade, without any external small-scale forcing or imposed constraints on the turbulence correlation length. We find that EREC develops in our simulation via two distinct turbulence-driven mechanisms: (1) secondary EREC induced by the interaction of plasmoids in the outflows of large-scale ion-coupled reconnection; (2) EREC directly driven at subion scales by the electron Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in small-scale velocity shears. Furthermore, we perform a statistical analysis of CSs using the machine-learning clustering algorithm HDBSCAN, showing that subion-scale CSs capable of hosting EREC are dominant in our simulation. Our results suggest that EREC could occur even in large-scale space and astrophysical systems, like the SW, driven by secondary turbulent processes, potentially playing a key role in dissipating energy at kinetic scales.