ARE Method: Orbital Decompositions and Dihedral Cancellations for Determinants

Abstract

We develop the ARE method (Action-Rectification-Expansion), a structural framework for the organization of Leibniz terms in determinants through cyclic group actions and orbital decompositions. The symmetric group S_n is partitioned into (n-1)! disjoint orbits of size n under right composition by the cyclic group C_n. Each orbit admits a canonical representative and generates a family of determinant terms related by cyclic rotation. We prove explicit sign laws for orbital rotations, establish a rectification theorem transforming orbital polylines into parallel-line configurations through a single block permutation, and characterize companion orbitals through dihedral symmetries. The framework yields an exact reorganization of the Leibniz expansion preserving all n! terms while exposing hidden geometric and combinatorial structure. We further prove an impossibility theorem showing that no fixed-width direct extension of the classical Sarrus rule can capture all determinant terms for n >= 4. The method provides three equivalent visualizations: polylines, parallel rectified lines, and total-line representations. Deterministic orbital generation algorithms and computational verification against standard determinant methods are also presented. Although the approach does not reduce factorial complexity, it provides a systematic geometric and algebraic interpretation of determinant structure extending the conceptual spirit of Sarrus to arbitrary dimension.