Joint Mobile User Positioning and Passive Target Sensing using Optimized Sequential Beamforming

Abstract

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) relies on monostatic sensing (MS) and bistatic positioning (BP) to enable comprehensive environmental awareness and user localization. However, existing frameworks predominantly assume static geometries and optimize these modalities independently, neglecting user mobility and sequential information sharing. In this paper, we propose a velocity-aware sequential beamforming framework that dynamically couples MS and BP in time. We derive the Cramer-Rao bounds (CRBs) in the position domain to formulate a non-convex resource allocation problem. Instead of relying on static weighted-sum tradeoffs, we introduce a sequential Bayesian optimization strategy where MS is executed first to construct a reliable structural prior on the UE and passive targets (PTs). This covariance prior is subsequently passed to the UE to regularize the BP estimation stage. We demonstrate that optimizing a single shared beamformer globally across both phases yields superior synergistic gains compared to a two-stage greedy approach. Simulation results validate that the shared sequential design efficiently balances limited symbol resources, achieving centimeter-level positioning accuracy for both the UE and PTs, robust velocity estimation, and a significantly reduced computational runtime.