Multilingual OCR-Aware Fine-Tuning and Prompt-Guided Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Multimodal Large Language Models

Qinwu Xu; Yifan Jiang; Haoyu Ren

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arXiv · 2605.16409

Multilingual OCR-Aware Fine-Tuning and Prompt-Guided Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Multimodal Large Language Models

Qinwu Xu·Yifan Jiang·Haoyu Ren

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Abstract

Optical character recognition (OCR) and multilingual scene-text understanding remain challenging for multimodal large language models (MLLMs), particularly in real-world images containing small or degraded text, cluttered layouts, occlusion, handwriting, and complex typography. We present an OCR-aware multilingual post-training framework that improves visual-text grounding in a general-purpose MLLM without requiring an external OCR engine, OCR-extracted text, or text bounding boxes at inference time. The framework combines large-scale multilingual OCR supervision, approximately 5M additional multilingual training samples, controlled synthetic OCR generation and in-image text translation, LoRA-based supervised fine-tuning (SFT), and lightweight OCR-oriented Chain-of-Thought prompting. On a held-out real-world multilingual OCR benchmark, OCR-SFT improves OCR completeness from 71.3 to 84.6, reduces hallucination rate from 18.3\% to 5.5\%, and improves translation BLEU-1 from 52.3 to 80.2, with substantial hallucination reductions under blur and rotation. Evaluation on public benchmarks further shows gains on OCR-intensive tasks while largely preserving broader multimodal capabilities; ablations show that SFT provides the primary improvement, with prompting offering smaller complementary gains. These results demonstrate that data-centric OCR-aware post-training provides a practical and scalable approach to improving multilingual visual-text grounding in general-purpose MLLMs.

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Qinwu Xu, Yifan Jiang, Haoyu Ren. 2026-08-12. Multilingual OCR-Aware Fine-Tuning and Prompt-Guided Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Multimodal Large Language Models. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16409

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