Reconfigurable Nonlinear Photonic Networks for In-Situ Learning and Memory Formation via Driven-Dissipative Dynamics

Abstract

Photonic neuromorphic computing offers a promising route to overcoming the limitations of conventional Von Neumann architectures by exploiting the high bandwidth, low latency, and massive parallelism of optical systems. However, most existing implementations rely on fixed dynamical substrates such as classic reservoir computing, where learning is restricted to external readout layers and memory is limited to transient fading effects. This work proposes a Reconfigurable Nonlinear Photonic Decision Network (RNPDN), a physically grounded neuromorphic framework in which computation, memory, and learning emerge directly from driven-dissipative dynamics. Through numerical simulations, this work demonstrates the simultaneous realization of key properties: local physical learning rules enabling adaptive state evolution, a tunable stability-plasticity tradeoff governed by decay and hysteresis mechanisms, controlled memory formation and erasure via bistable photonic states, fading memory, in-situ learning, and hardware-faithful nonlinear dynamics incorporating saturation and dissipation. In contrast to conventional approaches, the proposed system enables intrinsic adaptation within the physical layer while supporting both transient and persistent memory. These results establish a unified framework for adaptive photonic information processing and provide a pathway toward scalable and energy-efficient neuromorphic photonic hardware.