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arXiv · 2605.22442

Inelastic collisions of fast charged particles with atoms. Relativistic plane-wave Born approximation

Francesc Salvat
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Abstract

A detailed formulation of the relativistic plane-wave Born approximation for inelastic collisions of charged particles with free atoms and positive ions is presented. The wave functions of the target atom or ion are calculated from a central-field independent-electron model with the Dirac-Hartree-Fock-Slater self-consistent potential, and the electromagnetic field is expressed in the Coulomb gauge. The double-differential cross section, depending on the energy loss and the recoil energy, is given as a sum of two terms which are products of purely kinematic factors and the generalized oscillator strengths (GOSs). Transitions induced by the instantaneous Coulomb interaction between the projectile and the active target electron are described by the longitudinal GOS. Transitions caused by the transverse interaction (exchange of virtual photons) are accounted for by a transverse GOS. We derive closed expressions for the longitudinal and transverse GOSs in terms of vector coupling coefficients and radial integrals. A set of Fortran programs have been written to compute the GOSs, the energy-loss differential cross section, and integrals of the latter. A complete numerical database of GOSs has been calculated for all the subshells of the ground-state configuration of neutral atoms of the elements with atomic numbers from 1 (hydrogen) to 99 (einsteinium). A systematic derivation of asymptotic formulas for the total cross section, the stopping cross section and the energy-straggling cross section is presented. The shell correction to the asymptotic formula for the stopping cross section of protons is obtained from the difference between computed numerical values and the predictions of that formula.

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Francesc Salvat. 2026-05-21. Inelastic collisions of fast charged particles with atoms. Relativistic plane-wave Born approximation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22442

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