Cyclic F-manifolds, distinguished connections and integrability

Abstract

We show that the geometry of Hertling-Manin F-manifolds $(M,\circ,e)$ provide the appropriate theoretical framework for studying the integrability of quasilinear systems of first-order evolutionary partial differential equations of the form ${\bf u}_t=X\circ {\bf u}_x$ (F-systems) under the mild assumption that the unit vector field is cyclic with respect to the operator of multiplication by the vector field $X$. This approach is very general and allows us to treat even non-regular systems that were previously beyond the scope of existing techniques. Like in the regular case the information about integrability is contained in a torsionless connection associated with the system and the integrability condition reduces to a geometric condition involving the Riemann tensor of the connection and the structure functions of the product. We prove that a locally conservative F-system is integrable and, in the analytic setting, also the converse statement, thereby providing a full characterization of integrability. Moreover, in the analytic case, we prove the existence of a family of analytic symmetries providing, in principle, the unique local analytic solution of the Cauchy problem through the generalised hodograph method.