Using GALEX UV Excess to Search for Metal-poor Halo Stars

Chase L. Smith; Maxwell Moe; Megan Frank; Raven Cilley; Javier Fregoso; Alexander Gleason; Ella Morton; Grace Nelson; Mary Kate Petrykovets; Daniel Reshan; Kaitlyn Schultz; Daniel A. Dale; Nikhil Patten

arXiv · 2605.29060

Using GALEX UV Excess to Search for Metal-poor Halo Stars

Chase L. Smith·Maxwell Moe·Megan Frank·Raven Cilley·Javier Fregoso·Alexander Gleason·Ella Morton·Grace Nelson·Mary Kate Petrykovets·Daniel Reshan·Kaitlyn Schultz·Daniel A. Dale·Nikhil Patten

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Abstract

Metal-poor solar-type stars display a significant reduction in metal-line blanketing at short wavelengths, leading to an excess of near-ultraviolet (NUV) flux compared to their metal-rich counterparts. We utilize GALEX NUV and $\it{Gaia}$ DR3 photometry along with ground-based spectroscopy to establish a correlation between NUV excess and [Fe/H]. We construct a sample of 492 solar-type (F5-G9) halo stars with NUV excess and measured metallicitices. We perform our own observations with the KOSMOS spectrograph at Apache Point Observatory's 3.5m telescope to measure the abundances of 13 halo stars, 11 of which did not have previous metallicity measurements. Our targeted 13 halo stars span $-$2.92 $<$ [Fe/H] $<$ $-$1.97 and are all $α$ enhanced with [$α$/Fe] = 0.05-0.73. For our full sample of 492 objects, we find an anti-correlation between NUV excess and [Fe/H] that is statistically significant at the 8$σ$ level. GALEX NUV excess can be used to distinguish very metal-poor (VMP) stars ([Fe/H] $<$ $-$2) from their metal-rich counterparts. However, there is significant dispersion in the relation due to NUV chromospheric variability caused by rotational effects and magnetic cycle activity. The NUV chromospheric variability inhibits our ability to reliably distinguish extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars ([Fe/H] $<$ $-$3) from VMP stars based on photometry alone. UV spectra of EMP halo stars are needed to better calibrate their atmospheric properties and variability.

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Chase L. Smith, Maxwell Moe, Megan Frank, Raven Cilley, Javier Fregoso, Alexander Gleason, Ella Morton, Grace Nelson, Mary Kate Petrykovets, Daniel Reshan, Kaitlyn Schultz, Daniel A. Dale, Nikhil Patten. 2026-05-27. Using GALEX UV Excess to Search for Metal-poor Halo Stars. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.29060

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