Agent System Operations: Categorization, Challenges, and Future Directions

Zexin Wang; Changhua Pei; Yuanhao Liu; Jingjing Li; Yintong Huo; Quan Zhou; Haotian Si; Hang Cui; Zihan Liu; Gaogang Xie; Fei Sun; Dan Pei; David Lo

arXiv · 2606.01581

Agent System Operations: Categorization, Challenges, and Future Directions

Zexin Wang·Changhua Pei·Yuanhao Liu·Jingjing Li·Yintong Huo·Quan Zhou·Haotian Si·Hang Cui·Zihan Liu·Gaogang Xie·Fei Sun·Dan Pei·David Lo

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Abstract

As the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to advance, LLM-based agent systems offer advantages in flexibility and interpretability over traditional systems, garnering increasing attention. However, despite the widespread research interest and industrial application of agent systems, these systems, like their traditional counterparts, frequently encounter anomalies. These anomalies lead to instability and insecurity, hindering their further development. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic approach to the operation and maintenance of agent systems is urgently needed. Unfortunately, current research on the operations of agent systems is sparse. To address this gap, we have undertaken a survey on agent system operations with the aim of establishing a clear framework for the field, defining the challenges, and facilitating further development. Specifically, this paper begins by systematically defining anomalies within agent systems, categorizing them into intra-agent anomalies and inter-agent anomalies. Next, we introduce a novel and comprehensive operational framework for agent systems, dubbed Agent System Operations (AgentOps). We provide detailed definitions and explanations of its four key stages: monitoring, anomaly detection, root cause localization, and resolution.

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Zexin Wang, Changhua Pei, Yuanhao Liu, Jingjing Li, Yintong Huo, Quan Zhou, Haotian Si, Hang Cui, Zihan Liu, Gaogang Xie, Fei Sun, Dan Pei, David Lo. 2026-09-06. Agent System Operations: Categorization, Challenges, and Future Directions. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.01581

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