Recovering stable kernels from exterior measurements

Abstract

We study an inverse problem for translation-invariant symmetric stable operators of the form \begin{equation*} L_a u(x)=\mathrm{P.V.}\int_{\mathbb R^n}(u(x)-u(y))\frac{a((x-y)/|x-y|)}{|x-y|^{n+2s}}\,dy, \quad 0<s<1, \end{equation*} where the unknown is the even angular density $a$ on $\mathbb Sn$. For a bounded open set $Ω\subset\mathbb R^n$, with $Ω_e=\mathbb R^n\setminus\overlineΩ$, we consider restricted exterior Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps $Λ_a^{W_1,W_2}$, where exterior data are supported in $W_1\SubsetΩ_e$ and the nonlocal Neumann data are observed on $W_2\SubsetΩ_e$. We prove three recovery results for the leading angular density. In the overlapping regime $W_1\cap W_2\ne\emptyset$, the exterior diagonal singularity determines every smooth elliptic angular density. In the separated regime $\overline W_1\cap\overline W_2=\emptyset$, where this singularity is absent, we prove uniqueness in the finite harmonic angular class by an exact factorization of the stable symbol. We also prove separated-data uniqueness for real-analytic angular densities when the source and observation sets lie in the unbounded exterior component, using analytic continuation of the off-diagonal Dirichlet-to-Neumann kernel and a far-field asymptotic argument.