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arXiv · 2606.07319

AVPKEET: Exact-Request Authorization and Publicly Verifiable Equality Testing over Encrypted Data

Xiuping Li·Kaiwen Wang·Xiaolin Chang
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Abstract

In cloud storage, cryptographic techniques are commonly used to support secure search and matching while protecting users' data privacy. Public-key encryption with equality test (PKEET), a widely studied primitive, allows an authorized computation to determine whether two ciphertexts contain the same message without decrypting either of them. Applying PKEET to outsourced sensitive data nevertheless creates three practical risks. (1) Broad authorization may let a requester compare records beyond the approved case; (2) an untrusted cloud may skip the computation or report a false answer; (3) a cloud holding reusable testing material may silently compare stored records without permission and learn hidden relationships among them. Existing approaches do not jointly address these risks. We therefore propose AVPKEET with exact-request authorization and public verification. Exact-request authorization restricts each approval to one stored-ciphertext/query pair and one registered requester, preventing the approval from being transferred to another context. An untrusted cloud worker stores and forwards encrypted data, while a small isolated controller validates the exact request and performs the test without releasing its long-term secret. Every response includes a publicly checkable proof, so anyone holding the request and response can verify the reported ``same'' or ``different'' answer without a verification secret. We establish correctness and formal security within the stated threat model. Experiments show that every complete protocol algorithm finishes within 9.1~ms at the 95th percentile on one CPU thread and that a complete request--response transcript occupies 1,809 bytes, demonstrating the practicality of the proposed scheme.

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Xiuping Li, Kaiwen Wang, Xiaolin Chang. 2026-08-27. AVPKEET: Exact-Request Authorization and Publicly Verifiable Equality Testing over Encrypted Data. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.07319

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