A solution to Csikvári's conjecture and the largest matching root of $k$-graphs

Abstract

In 2011, Csikvári [Electron. J. Combin. {\bf 18} (2011), $\#$P182] proved that among all graphs with a prescribed number of edges, the largest matching root is attained by a threshold graph, and conjectured that the extremal graph should be `as star-like as possible.' In this paper, we give a complete and affirmative answer to this problem and extend it to the setting of uniform hypergraphs. We prove that for every $k$-graph $\mathcal{H}$ with $m$ edges, its largest matching root satisfies $$λ(\mathcal{H})\le m^{1/k},$$ with equality if and only if $\mathcal{H}$ is intersecting. For $k=2$, after deleting all isolated vertices, the resulting graph must be the star $K_{1,m}$ or a triangle, thereby confirming Csikvári's conjecture. Moreover, if the matching number $ν(\mathcal{H})\ge 2$, then \[ λ(\mathcal{H})\le \left(\frac{m+\sqrt{m^2-4(ν(\mathcal{H})-1)}}{2}\right)^{1/k}, \] with equality if and only if $ν(\mathcal{H})=2$ and $\mathcal{H}$ has exactly one $2$-matching.