Self-stimulated avalanche in superradiant axion clouds

Zhen-Hong Lyu; Rong-Gen Cai; Jing Liu

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arXiv · 2606.10776

Self-stimulated avalanche in superradiant axion clouds

Zhen-Hong Lyu·Rong-Gen Cai·Jing Liu

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Abstract

Boson clouds formed via superradiance around spinning black holes offer a novel probe of ultralight particles. We show that such gravitational atoms can undergo a self-stimulated avalanche: a coherent quadrupolar transition is seeded by external gravitational waves and amplified by self-generated radiation feedback. We formulate an effective two-level description that captures the logistic population transfer and the resulting delayed gravitational-wave pulse with a characteristic envelope. This cooperative emission mechanism opens a new observational avenue into the ultralight dark sector.

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Zhen-Hong Lyu, Rong-Gen Cai, Jing Liu. 2026-09-16. Self-stimulated avalanche in superradiant axion clouds. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.10776

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