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arXiv · 2606.10828

A Multiwavelength Interpretation of HESS J1857+026 Emission Using the Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and HAWC Observatories

Jordan Eagle·Yu Chen·Ramiro Torres-Escobedo·Youyou Li·Ruo-Yu Shang
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Abstract

We present a new study on the MeV-TeV gamma-ray origin of HESS J1857+026 using data collected from the Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and HAWC observatories. A spatial and spectral study of HESS J1857+026 including radiative modeling of the MeV-TeV spectrum determines the likely dominant gamma-ray origin as a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by the energetic pulsar PSR J1856+0245. The MeV-TeV spectrum is further characterized through basic evolutionary radiative modeling assuming a PWN origin to constrain the physical properties of the system such as the magnetic field strength and PWN age. The results of the PWN evolutionary model are consistent with the observational constraints of the system, finding an age of the system between t = [16,21]kyr and a magnetic field strength between B = [0.4,1.6]muG. These estimates support an evolved PWN scenario where the observed gamma-ray emission is generated by the relativistic electrons inverse Compton scattering (ICS) off local photon fields, however the low-energy (E < 10GeV) spectral component could be dominated by hadronic emission originating from a supernova remnant (SNR). For a PWN component above 10GeV, we measure the conditions for particle diffusion, finding that the local diffusion (D(50TeV) ~ $10^{28}cm^{-2}s^{-1}$) is suppressed compared to the interstellar medium (ISM) value, in agreement with similar TeV PWNe. By measuring the radial surface brightness profiles of the gamma-ray source across multiple instruments, we demonstrate that the combined MeV-TeV spatial information is a powerful tool to constrain particle diffusion properties.

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Jordan Eagle, Yu Chen, Ramiro Torres-Escobedo, Youyou Li, Ruo-Yu Shang. 2026-06-09. A Multiwavelength Interpretation of HESS J1857+026 Emission Using the Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and HAWC Observatories. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.10828

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