Slowly rotating traversable wormholes supported by radially varying string-fluid matter: From regular geometries to photon trajectories

Abstract

This work investigates slowly rotating traversable wormholes supported by string fluids whose properties vary with distance from the throat. This radial variation allows the matter to transition smoothly from a de Sitter-like core near the center to a string-dominated environment further out, producing a regular, horizon-free, and asymptotically flat spacetime. By letting the transverse pressure depend on radius, the fluid naturally adapts to the surrounding geometry, resulting in a well-behaved energy density and shape function. Even modest rotation introduces frame-dragging effects that gently twist photon paths, creating subtle differences between co-rotating and counter-rotating trajectories. These effects are strongest near the throat, while at larger distances the spacetime is largely governed by the static gravitational potentials. Circular photon orbits reveal that the interplay of the redshift function, wormhole shape, and rotation shapes the photon-sphere structure. Different radial profiles of the string fluid generate distinctive photon-ring patterns, offering potential observational signatures of both the rotation and the internal matter distribution. Overall, radially varying string fluids provide a flexible and physically consistent source for traversable wormholes, bridging smoothly between vacuum-like and string-dominated regions while maintaining regularity and supporting slow rotation. This study highlights how anisotropic matter can influence both curvature and light propagation, providing a realistic framework for horizonless exotic spacetimes and suggesting new avenues to explore subtle observational effects around traversable wormholes.