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arXiv · 2606.11373

From Symmetry to Stability: Quantifying Converter Grid Impedance Asymmetry as Indicator of Stability Margin

Chirag Ramgopal Shah·Marta Molinas·Sjur Føyen·Roy Nilsen
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Abstract

Although symmetricity in the converter controller is desirable for robust stability margins, a direct link between system-level asymmetricity and instability has yet to be clearly established. Converter control introduces three-phase asymmetricity through loops such as DC-link voltage control, a phase-locked loop , and a power synchronization loop. Furthermore, the inherently asymmetric topology of the two-level voltage-source converter, which converts a DC voltage into a three-phase balanced set, acts as the underlying origin of the asymmetries that propagate into the control structure. Consequently, establishing a direct relationship between system asymmetricity (rather than control asymmetricity alone) and the stability margin is essential for understanding the underlying instability mechanisms. In this work, asymmetricity is quantified using the Asymmetricity Quantification Index (AQI), derived from the sequence-domain representation of the interconnected converter-grid impedance. Within this domain, symmetricity is identified through the definition of symmetrical matrices, which serve as the benchmark against which asymmetricity is measured. A robust and generalized analysis correlates AQI with the stability margin, including both grid-following and grid-forming control structures connected to the power grid. It is found that instability arises from increased asymmetricity in the combined converter-grid system, which is dominated by asymmetric control loops and operating points. Thus, reducing asymmetricity without compromising controller functionality can improve stability margins. The analysis is validated in both control-hardware-in-the-loop and power-hardware-in-the-loop environments.

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Chirag Ramgopal Shah, Marta Molinas, Sjur Føyen, Roy Nilsen. 2026-06-09. From Symmetry to Stability: Quantifying Converter Grid Impedance Asymmetry as Indicator of Stability Margin. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.11373

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