Measurement-Based Performance Evaluation of SmartRSUs with Heterogeneous Antenna Architectures for V2X Communications

Marco Savarese; Gaetano Orazio Cauchi; Salvatore Iandolo; Antonio Solida Martin Klapez; Maurizio Casoni; Micaela Verucchi; Enrico Vincenzi; Ignacio Sanudo Olmedo; Marko Bertogna; Carlo Augusto Grazia

arXiv · 2606.13334

Measurement-Based Performance Evaluation of SmartRSUs with Heterogeneous Antenna Architectures for V2X Communications

Marco Savarese·Gaetano Orazio Cauchi·Salvatore Iandolo·Antonio Solida Martin Klapez·Maurizio Casoni·Micaela Verucchi·Enrico Vincenzi·Ignacio Sanudo Olmedo·Marko Bertogna·Carlo Augusto Grazia

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Abstract

This paper presents a measurement-based performance evaluation of two custom Smart Roadside Units (SmartRSUs) featuring different V2X antenna architectures. The first configuration integrates GNSS and communication antennas into an all-in-one rooftop module, whereas the second uses external dual ITS-G5 (IEEE 802.11p) antennas operating at 5.9~GHz and a dedicated GNSS antenna. Both systems are built upon a proprietary On-Board Unit (OBU) platform adapted for infrastructure deployment. The experimental campaign evaluates key V2X communication metrics, including coverage, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), packet loss, and end-to-end latency in both transmission (OBU-to-infrastructure) and reception (infrastructure-to-OBU) directions. To ensure objective validation, a commercial off-the-shelf V2X Roadside Unit is co-located on the same infrastructure and used as a performance benchmark, providing ground-truth reference measurements under identical environmental conditions through a controlled co-located deployment. Results highlight the impact of antenna design and placement on communication reliability and latency, revealing trade-offs between integrated and external antenna configurations in real-world deployment scenarios. The findings provide practical insights for the design and optimization of next-generation SmartRSUs in cooperative intelligent transportation systems (C-ITS).

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Marco Savarese, Gaetano Orazio Cauchi, Salvatore Iandolo, Antonio Solida Martin Klapez, Maurizio Casoni, Micaela Verucchi, Enrico Vincenzi, Ignacio Sanudo Olmedo, Marko Bertogna, Carlo Augusto Grazia. 2026-06-11. Measurement-Based Performance Evaluation of SmartRSUs with Heterogeneous Antenna Architectures for V2X Communications. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.13334

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