Using fast-reactive crosslinkers to modulate the internal structure of thermoresponsive microgels

Abstract

The internal architecture of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels, which switches from fuzzy-sphere to star-like when the standard N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) (BIS) crosslinker is replaced with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), critically determines their interactions and swelling behavior. Here, we systematically investigate the role of the surfactant and crosslinker content in modulating the internal structure of the microgels using Dynamic Light Scattering, Small-angle X-ray Scattering and monomer-resolved numerical simulations. We reveal that the presence of the surfactant is crucial for obtaining the star-like architecture, and that the transition from the star-like regime to a more core-dominated structure occurs above a threshold EGDMA concentration. Monomer-resolved simulations capture how the role of surfactant differs between EGDMA-crosslinked and BIS-crosslinked microgels. Our findings establish a direct synthesis-structure relationship, providing a clear guidance for the rational design of soft, star-like microgels with ultra-soft interactions, strenghtening the connection between microgels and model star polymers.