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arXiv · 2606.17764

Probing the QCD Phase Structure with Dileptons from SIS to LHC Energies

Adrian William Romero Jorge·Taesoo Song·Qi Zhou·Elena Bratkovskaya
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Abstract

We study the properties of strongly interacting matter at finite temperature and baryon chemical potential in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, with emphasis on dilepton probes of the QCD phase structure. The equilibrium QGP is described within the Dynamical QuasiParticle Model (DQPM), which reproduces the lattice-QCD equation of state and provides $μ_B$-dependent quasiparticle properties, transport coefficients, and thermal dilepton rates, including elastic and inelastic partonic processes. The dynamical evolution is modeled with the off-shell Parton--Hadron--String Dynamics (PHSD) transport approach, which consistently propagates partonic and hadronic degrees of freedom and incorporates chiral-symmetry restoration effects. We discuss the space--time evolution of heavy-ion collisions over a broad energy range and show that a small deconfined QGP core can already emerge at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\simeq 3.5$ GeV. We present, for the first time, the baryon-chemical-potential dependence of QGP thermal dilepton radiation in PHSD and demonstrate that its influence increases toward lower collision energies. The excitation function indicates that thermal QGP radiation can exceed dileptons from correlated charm decays in central Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\lesssim 25$--$30$ GeV, making RHIC--BES and FAIR energies particularly promising for the direct observation of QGP electromagnetic radiation after subtraction of heavy-flavor and Drell--Yan contributions.

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Adrian William Romero Jorge, Taesoo Song, Qi Zhou, Elena Bratkovskaya. 2026-06-16. Probing the QCD Phase Structure with Dileptons from SIS to LHC Energies. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.17764

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