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arXiv · 2606.19546

Effects of the Background Magnetic Field on Flux Rope Eruptions

Xianyu Liu·Spiro K. Antiochos·Igor V. Sokolov·Tamas I. Gombosi·Bart van der Holst·Gábor Tóth·Nishtha Sachdeva·Lulu Zhao
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Abstract

Solar eruptive events are generally believed to involve magnetic flux ropes (MFR), formed either in the pre-eruptive phase of the event or during the eruption itself. These MFR eruptions exhibit significant complexity and variations due to the interplay of the physical mechanisms involved, in particular magnetic reconnection and ideal instabilities. This work considers the effect of the background magnetic field on the nature of eruptions with pre-existing MFRs. We used a new MHD model to simulate the whole MFR eruption process, including the pre-eruptive stage and the initiation. Three simulations were performed, all of which used an identical bipolar active region, but with different background magnetic fields in the three cases. The simulations resulted in two successful eruptions (CMEs) and one failed eruption (a confined flare). We analyzed the energetics and the acceleration of the MFR in detail, and found a transition to a rapid exponential rise phase in two of the simulations. We also calculated the criterion for the torus instability and the timing of the breakout and flare reconnections. Our results show that the rapid exponential rise phase is likely due to breakout reconnection. We conclude that a background field antiparallel to the active-region field lowers the magnetic free-energy threshold for eruption; but, does not guarantee a successful eruption. We also found that an antiparallel background field leads to faster flare reconnection, but of shorter duration. Our findings underscore the importance of the background magnetic field in understanding CMEs.

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Xianyu Liu, Spiro K. Antiochos, Igor V. Sokolov, Tamas I. Gombosi, Bart van der Holst, Gábor Tóth, Nishtha Sachdeva, Lulu Zhao. 2026-06-17. Effects of the Background Magnetic Field on Flux Rope Eruptions. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.19546

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