Perturbative Renormalization and Universality Diagram for Long-Range Quantum Criticality

Abstract

Experimental progress in quantum simulators highlights the role of long-range (LR) interactions in reshaping quantum criticality and stabilizing exotic phases beyond the short-range (SR) paradigm. We study ferromagnetic long-range quantum $O(n)$ models with interactions decaying as $1/r^{d+σ}$ and develop a perturbative renormalization-group expansion around the LR--SR boundary by setting $d=3-ε$ and $σ=2-δ$. In this parametrization, the full interacting LR window $2d/3<σ<2$ becomes $0<δ<2ε/3$, and is therefore perturbatively controlled. A two-loop calculation yields explicit expressions, in terms of $ε$, $δ$, and $n$, for the correlation-length exponent $ν$ and for the frequency and momentum anomalous dimensions $η_ω$ and $η_k$. The resulting exponents reduce to long-range Gaussian scaling at $σ=2d/3$ and to SR quantum Wilson-Fisher scaling in the $σ\to 2$ limit, thereby identifying $σ_*=2$ as the LR--SR boundary within the controlled $3-ε$ expansion. Combining the RG results with scaling boundaries and classical LR analogies, we propose a $(d,σ)$ universality diagram for ferromagnetic long-range quantum $O(n)$ criticality and use it as an organizing framework for the phase diagram of long-range quantum spin chains.