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arXiv · 2606.22791

Integrating Heterogeneous Digital Twins in Federated Ecosystems

Christian Vergara-Marcillo·Rami Bahsoon·Nikos Tziritas·Wendy Yanez-Pazmino·Panagiotis Oikonomou·Georgios Theodoropoulos
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Abstract

Digital Twins (DTs) are increasingly used to virtualise physical systems at different scales, enabling monitoring, simulation, and predictions to support decision-making. However, while individual DTs are effective in stand-alone settings, ecosystem-scale deployments require multiple autonomous and distributed DTs to cooperate across system boundaries despite differences in modelling approaches or software technologies, making interoperability and runtime coordination critical challenges. Although \textit{Federated Digital Twin Ecosystems} have emerged as a promising direction, existing research remains at the conceptual stage, offering high-level architectures while leaving the practical integration of heterogeneous DTs underexplored. This paper proposes the \textit{Federation Node Manager}, a modular integration mechanism that connects local DTs to a federated environment through controlled capability exposure, protocol and schema adaptation, and timely state and event exchange for coordinated operations. We present a conceptual design and a prototype implementation, and demonstrate their feasibility in the smart mobility domain for emergency response scenarios. The proposed mechanism serves as an enabling component within a broader service-oriented federated DT ecosystem.

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Christian Vergara-Marcillo, Rami Bahsoon, Nikos Tziritas, Wendy Yanez-Pazmino, Panagiotis Oikonomou, Georgios Theodoropoulos. 2026-06-22. Integrating Heterogeneous Digital Twins in Federated Ecosystems. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.22791

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