Rodeo Filtering for Direct Steady-State Estimation in Open Quantum Systems

Abstract

Computing non-equilibrium steady states of open quantum systems is a challenging task on conventional computers, motivating quantum algorithms for direct steady-state estimation. A natural route is to regard the steady state as the zero mode of the Liouvillian and to isolate this sector spectrally. We formulate this task as a known-zero-sector projection problem and implement the corresponding filter using the Rodeo algorithm, which performs stochastic spectral filtering through repeated controlled evolutions and measurement-conditioned filtering steps. In the steady-state setting, the filter can be centered directly at the known zero eigenvalue, avoiding the spectral search required in generic eigenstate preparation. Compared with a phase-estimation-based implementation of the same projection, the Rodeo approach enables restart on failure and reduces the target-error dependence of the filtering cost and controlled-evolution depth from power-law to logarithmic. This advantage becomes more pronounced as the spectral separation of the Hermitian Liouvillian embedding increases, allowing Rodeo filtering to outperform phase-estimation filtering already at modest controlled-evolution depths. Our results identify Rodeo filtering as a resource-efficient primitive for estimating steady-state observables in open quantum systems.