Evaluating Interactivity: Toward Automated Assessment of AI-Generated Explorable Explanations

Abstract

While large language models now enable rapid generation of interactive learning materials, evaluating the interaction quality of these explorable explanations remains an open challenge. Existing benchmarks largely focus on code executability or visual fidelity, providing limited insight into dynamic interaction behaviors such as learner-controlled state transitions and context-sensitive system responses, which are factors that critically shape learners' conceptual understanding. We present EE-Eval, an automated evaluation framework that formalizes interactivity as a finite space of learner-controllable states and transitions, represented as a Finite State Machine (FSM). By extracting FSMs from AI-generated explorable explanations, EE-Eval externalizes implicit interaction logic into an explicit, machine-interpretable graph. Evaluation is performed by comparing each generated FSM to an ideal FSM that encodes pedagogical intent, using a combination of graph-based metrics and embedding-based comparison of states, actions, and feedback to measure their structural and semantic similarity. Across thousands of generated explorable explanations spanning 127 concepts and produced by 6 AI models, EE-Eval consistently differentiates interaction quality beyond surface-level criteria such as functional correctness or visual quality, and exhibits substantially stronger alignment with human judgments of interactivity and pedagogical effectiveness than existing baselines. By framing interactivity as testable behavioral models rather than an emergent byproduct of LLM generation, EE-Eval transforms evaluation into a reflective diagnostic tool, enabling pedagogically grounded and actionable human-AI collaboration in creating interactive educational content.