Quantum Derivative Pricing for SPDEs via BDSDE Representation

Abstract

We study quantum speedups of derivative pricing for stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) models through their backward doubly stochastic differential equation (BDSDE) representations. We develop conditional and nested quantum-accelerated multilevel Monte Carlo (QA-MLMC) methods for estimating the resulting conditional and nested expectations, improving the sampling complexity of classical Monte Carlo methods from $\widetilde{O}(ε^{-2})$ to $\widetilde{O}(ε^{-1})$ within additive error $ε$. We apply the framework to derivative pricing and sensitivity analysis, providing quantum-accelerated estimators for prices as well as first-order and second-order Greeks, likelihood-ratio and Malliavin-weight representations for Greeks, and Heston-type stochastic-volatility models. To enable efficient multilevel coupling, we construct a family of Forward--Backward Taylor discretization schemes for the stochastic integrals arising in the BDSDE representations and establish global strong-error order one convergence for pricing and Greek estimators. Numerical experiments showcase our schemes for first-order and second-order Greeks can reach the required orders for the full quadratic quantum speedups.