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arXiv · 2606.31162

Symmetry energy of baryon- and neutron-rich nuclear matter

Zhi-Ying Qin·Jia Zhou·Jun Xu
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Abstract

Based on the relativistic mean-field model and assuming $G$-parity invariance, we have studied the equation of state of baryon- and neutron-rich matter produced in low-energy relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Similar to the traditional isospin symmetry energy, we define the baryon-antibaryon symmetry energy characterizing the energy difference due to the baryon-antibaryon asymmetry. The potential difference between nucleons and antinucleons is correlated with the potential contribution of the baryon-antibaryon symmetry energy mainly from the vector interaction in baryon-rich matter. The isospin symmetry energy is considerably reduced even with a small fraction of antinucleons compared to the traditional case with only nucleons. A more attractive antineutron potential than antiproton potential is observed, and the isospin splitting of the mean-field potential for antinucleons is found to be intrinsically larger than that for nucleons in baryon- and neutron-rich matter.

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Zhi-Ying Qin, Jia Zhou, Jun Xu. 2026-06-30. Symmetry energy of baryon- and neutron-rich nuclear matter. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2026.140698

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