Fujita-type blow-up for inhomogeneous semilinear heat equations with regularly varying forcing

Abstract

We develop a unified framework for Fujita-type blow-up of solutions to the inhomogeneous semilinear heat equation $$\partial_tu-Δu=|u|^p+\mathbf{w}(x), \qquad (t,x)\in(0,\infty)\times\mathbb{R}^N, \qquad u(0, \cdot)=u_0.$$ The classical integrability assumptions on the forcing term are replaced by quantitative regular variation properties of its spatial mass $$F(R)=\int\limits_{|x|\le R}\mathbf{w}(x)\,dx.$$ Using techniques from regular variation theory together with the Mitidieri--Pohozaev test-function method, we establish sharp Fujita-type nonexistence results and identify the critical exponent in terms of the variation index of $F$. We prove that global solutions do not exist in the subcritical range and obtain critical-case blow-up under suitable slowly varying corrections. The regular variation framework further shows the optimality of the underlying mass condition, extends naturally to anisotropic settings through operator regular variation, and yields sufficient blow-up criteria for sign-changing forcings via the Gaussian-Laplace transform. The approach also applies to space-time dependent forcings, Riesz-potential type forcings, and equations involving the fractional Laplacian, providing a unified description of blow-up thresholds beyond the classical Fujita theory.