LSR-Net: Long-Short-Range Operator Learning for Pattern Dynamics on Manifolds

Abstract

We propose the Long-Short-Range Neural Network (LSR-Net), an extensible operator-learning framework for predicting pattern dynamics on planar domains, spherical surfaces, and general manifolds. The method decomposes the forward evolution operator into a long-range component, represented by a compact Fourier multiplier constructed via the Sum-of-Exponentials (SOE) approximation, and a short-range component adapted to the underlying geometry and its intrinsic symmetries. For general manifolds represented by irregularly sampled point clouds, the long-range component is implemented by Gaussian gridding onto an auxiliary regular grid, where the Fourier multiplier is efficiently applied in k-space using FFT and the result is interpolated back to the original sample points. We evaluate LSR-Net on several benchmark systems, including the Allen-Cahn, Cahn-Hilliard, Schnakenberg, and Turing systems, over planar domains, spherical surfaces, and a blob-shaped manifold. Numerical results demonstrate that LSR-Net consistently achieves higher accuracy and improved stability compared with baseline operator-learning models. In particular, for Allen-Cahn dynamics on the sphere, the RMSE is reduced by approximately three orders of magnitude compared with the Spherical Fourier Neural Operator (SFNO). Rotation and reflection equivariance tests further confirm that the learned operator is consistent with these geometric transformations. These results indicate that LSR-Net provides an effective and robust approach for learning pattern dynamics on complex geometries.