Enhanced LIBS Emission Using Laser Beam Splitting: Interacting Multi-Plume Plasma Dynamics

Girum Abebe Beyene; Inam Mirza; Jijil JJ Nivas; Oleksandr Gatsa; Nadezhda M. Bulgakova; Alexander V. Bulgakov

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arXiv · 2607.04229

Enhanced LIBS Emission Using Laser Beam Splitting: Interacting Multi-Plume Plasma Dynamics

Girum Abebe Beyene·Inam Mirza·Jijil JJ Nivas·Oleksandr Gatsa·Nadezhda M. Bulgakova·Alexander V. Bulgakov

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Abstract

The optical emission in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is governed by the spatial intensity distribution of the incident laser beam, which influences plasma formation and evolution. Beam shaping therefore offers a route to control plasma dynamics and emission yield; however, its effects in LIBS remain insufficiently quantified, particularly under conditions relevant to compact instrumentation. In this work, a diffractive optical element (DOE) is used to transform a Gaussian beam into a 2x2 array, producing simultaneously expanding, co-propagating ablation plumes that interact during expansion. Plasma evolution from Cu and Si targets is investigated in vacuum using a Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 5 ns, 10 J/cm2), combining time-resolved imaging with optical emission spectroscopy. The multi-spot configuration results in enhanced emission intensity compared to single-spot irradiation, with increases of ~9 for Si and ~3 for Cu. The observed enhancement is attributed to plume-plume interaction effects that modify plasma density and emission characteristics. These results demonstrate that DOE-based beam shaping provides an effective and technically simple approach to increasing the LIBS signal without additional system complexity.

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Girum Abebe Beyene, Inam Mirza, Jijil JJ Nivas, Oleksandr Gatsa, Nadezhda M. Bulgakova, Alexander V. Bulgakov. 2026-07-05. Enhanced LIBS Emission Using Laser Beam Splitting: Interacting Multi-Plume Plasma Dynamics. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.04229

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