Robust Topologically Protected Edge Transport in Doubly Chiral Active Particles

Abstract

Using theory, simulation, and experiment, we introduce a new class of active particle which we term doubly chiral active Brownian particles (dcABPs), which show robust topologically protected transport along boundaries without backscattering at corners. Their double chirality stems from the coexistence of an intrinsic angular velocity, which can cause rotation independently of translation, and a translation-rotation coupling inducing cross-alignment to the instantaneous velocity, which causes rotation only concomitantly with translation. A mechanically detailed model shows that the latter effect can arise from an asymmetric friction distribution in the direction perpendicular to the self-propulsion direction. We show that topologically protected modes emerge when the two sources of chirality have opposite sign and the intrinsic rotation is weaker than the translation-rotation coupling. In the deterministic limit, we characterize the emergence of these modes not only along straight boundaries, but also along curved boundaries and during interparticle interactions. We provide a proof-of-principle experimental realization by building a doubly chiral vibrobot. While setting the work into context, we moreover show that the topologically protected boundary-induced transport of dcABPs stands in contrast to the edge currents observed for simple chiral ABPs, which we demonstrate are not associated with boundary-induced transport, as well as to those observed for chiral active rods or self-aligning chiral ABPs, which we show to be associated with boundary-induced transport but to backscatter at corners, implying lack of topological protection.