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arXiv · 2607.13427

A Low-energy Threshold and Multi-messenger Trigger System for the JUNO Experiment

Thomas Adam·Fengpeng An·Costas Andreopoulos·Giuseppe Andronico·Nikolay Anfimov·Vito Antonelli·Tatiana Antoshkina·João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André·Didier Auguste·Nikita Balashov·Andrea Barresi·Davide Basilico·Eric Baussan·Marco Beretta·Antonio Bergnoli·Nikita Bessonov·Daniel Bick·Lukas Bieger·Svetlana Biktemerova·Thilo Birkenfeld·Simon Blyth·Manuel Boehles·Anastasia Bolshakova·Mathieu Bongrand·Matteo Borghesi·Dominique Breton·Augusto Brigatti·Riccardo Brugnera·Riccardo Bruno·Antonio Budano·Jose Busto·Marcel Büchner·Anatael Cabrera·Barbara Caccianiga·Hao Cai·Xiao Cai·Yi-zhou Cai·Stéphane Callier·Antonio Cammi·Guofu Cao·Jun Cao·Yaoqi Cao·Rossella Caruso·Cédric Cerna·Vanessa Cerrone·Jinfan Chang·Yun Chang·Tim Charisse·Chao Chen·Haotian Chen·Jiahui Chen·Jian Chen·Jing Chen·Junyou Chen·Pingping Chen·Shaomin Chen·Shiqiang Chen·Yixue Chen·Yu Chen·Ze Chen·Zhangming Chen·Zhiyuan Chen·Zhongchang Chen·Jie Cheng·Yaping Cheng·Yu Chin Cheng·Alexander Chepurnov·Alexey Chetverikov·Davide Chiesa·Ziliang Chu·Artem Chukanov·Gérard Claverie·Catia Clementi·Barbara Clerbaux·Claudio Coletta·Marta Colomer Molla·Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo·Chenyang Cui·Lorenzo Vincenzo D'Auria·Christophe De La Taille·Luis Delgadillo Franco·Ziyan Deng·Xiaoyu Ding·Xuefeng Ding·Yayun Ding·Sergey Dmitrievsky·Dmitry Dolzhikov·Chuanshi Dong·Haojie Dong·Jianmeng Dong·Marcos Dracos·Frédéric Druillole·Ran Du·Katherine Dugas·Stefano Dusini·Hongyue Duyang·Jessica Eck·Andrea Fabbri·Ulrike Fahrendholz·Gaofeng Fan
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Abstract

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20-kiloton liquid scintillator neutrino detector, located 650 meters (1800 m.w.e.) underground in Jiangmen, Guangdong, China. JUNO is primarily designed for reactor neutrino measurements and has been taking data since 2025. With the largest mass of its kind and an excellent energy resolution, JUNO is a leading observatory for high-precision measurements of MeV neutrinos. The standard global trigger system serves as the primary trigger for JUNO. We present a newly developed multi-messenger trigger system that extends the capabilities of the global trigger by providing a lower energy threshold and an independent monitoring capability. During the 2025 operation, it achieved an effective energy threshold of approximately 110 +/- 10 keV, providing a lower threshold configuration suitable for low-energy event analysis. The system shows the potential to further reduce the threshold to well below 100 keV. Based on the multi-messenger trigger system, an astrophysical monitor has been developed to receive and process external alerts from other messengers, such as gravitational-wave observations. A Transient Neutrino Burst Monitor is integrated to detect short-time-scale neutrino burst events and enables real-time monitoring of transient astrophysical phenomena. The system is sensitive to neutrino bursts from core-collapse supernovae within a distance of about 250 kpc.

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Thomas Adam, Fengpeng An, Costas Andreopoulos, Giuseppe Andronico, Nikolay Anfimov, Vito Antonelli, Tatiana Antoshkina, João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André, Didier Auguste, Nikita Balashov, Andrea Barresi, Davide Basilico, Eric Baussan, Marco Beretta, Antonio Bergnoli, Nikita Bessonov, Daniel Bick, Lukas Bieger, Svetlana Biktemerova, Thilo Birkenfeld, Simon Blyth, Manuel Boehles, Anastasia Bolshakova, Mathieu Bongrand, Matteo Borghesi, Dominique Breton, Augusto Brigatti, Riccardo Brugnera, Riccardo Bruno, Antonio Budano, Jose Busto, Marcel Büchner, Anatael Cabrera, Barbara Caccianiga, Hao Cai, Xiao Cai, Yi-zhou Cai, Stéphane Callier, Antonio Cammi, Guofu Cao, Jun Cao, Yaoqi Cao, Rossella Caruso, Cédric Cerna, Vanessa Cerrone, Jinfan Chang, Yun Chang, Tim Charisse, Chao Chen, Haotian Chen, Jiahui Chen, Jian Chen, Jing Chen, Junyou Chen, Pingping Chen, Shaomin Chen, Shiqiang Chen, Yixue Chen, Yu Chen, Ze Chen, Zhangming Chen, Zhiyuan Chen, Zhongchang Chen, Jie Cheng, Yaping Cheng, Yu Chin Cheng, Alexander Chepurnov, Alexey Chetverikov, Davide Chiesa, Ziliang Chu, Artem Chukanov, Gérard Claverie, Catia Clementi, Barbara Clerbaux, Claudio Coletta, Marta Colomer Molla, Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo, Chenyang Cui, Lorenzo Vincenzo D'Auria, Christophe De La Taille, Luis Delgadillo Franco, Ziyan Deng, Xiaoyu Ding, Xuefeng Ding, Yayun Ding, Sergey Dmitrievsky, Dmitry Dolzhikov, Chuanshi Dong, Haojie Dong, Jianmeng Dong, Marcos Dracos, Frédéric Druillole, Ran Du, Katherine Dugas, Stefano Dusini, Hongyue Duyang, Jessica Eck, Andrea Fabbri, Ulrike Fahrendholz, Gaofeng Fan. 2026-07-15. A Low-energy Threshold and Multi-messenger Trigger System for the JUNO Experiment. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.13427

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