Token-Wise Latent Streaming from Slow Reasoners to Fast Planners for Dynamic Vision Language Navigation

Abstract

Vision-Language Navigation in dynamic, human-centric environments exposes a fundamental tension: linguistic reasoning is slow and deliberative, whereas safe, socially compliant planning should be instant and reactive. The resulting observation staleness is safety-critical: a maneuver chosen during inference can already be unsafe by the time it executes. We observe that, long before a VLM finishes its inference, its intermediate hidden states already encode action-relevant intent. We propose SPARK-VLN, a dual-system framework for dynamic social VLN that streams the slow VLM reasoner's knowledge to a fast flow-matching expert planner throughout token generation, providing fresh and evolving guidance during inference. This design is realized by three modules: a Token-Wise Hidden Streamer that extracts intermediate hidden states along the token generation process, a Sequence-to-Slot Latent Bridge that projects them into fixed-size latent slots, and an Evolving Latent Conditioner that infuses them into the expert planner. We also introduce a human-centric benchmark suite for dynamic social vision-language navigation that keeps pedestrians and the robot active throughout inference and reports navigation success, social compliance, human collisions, and explicit staleness statistics. Across these settings, SPARK-VLN mproves navigation success and social compliance while sustaining inference efficiency. Webpage: https://hutslib.github.io/SPARK-VLN/.