Liver Metastasis Detection at Reduced Radiation Dose: Diagnostic Evaluation of a Novel Organ-Level Tube Current Modulation Method

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate retroOpt, a novel organ-level tube current modulation (TCM) method that minimizes effective radiation dose while preserving diagnostic image quality for liver metastasis detection. Methods: In this retrospective, IRB-approved study, 22 patients with 68 liver lesions (38 malignant, 30 benign) underwent portal venous phase contrast-enhanced chest-abdomen-pelvis CT. Using projection-domain noise emulation, five series were generated per patient: original full dose (Orig-100), uniform dose reduction to 40% (UD-40) and 60% (UD-60) of the original effective dose, and organ-level TCM at the same levels (Opt-40, Opt-60). Three abdominal radiologists independently detected and classified lesions and rated image quality (5-point Likert). Per-lesion sensitivity was compared by McNemar test. Malignant lesion-size thresholds for 50% and 90% sensitivity (x50, x90) were estimated by logistic regression. Image quality was compared by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: At the 60% level, Opt-60 achieved mean malignant lesion sensitivity comparable to full-dose CT (82% vs 80%) and exceeded uniform reduction (67%). At the 40% level, Opt-40 improved mean sensitivity over UD-40 from 52% to 68%. Mean all-lesion sensitivity rose from 54% (UD-40) to 64% (Opt-40) and from 65% (UD-60) to 77% (Opt-60), remaining comparable to full dose (76%). All optimized-versus-uniform differences were significant (p <= 0.003). Opt-60 lesion-size thresholds closely matched Orig-100 (x50 3.3 vs 3.7 mm; x90 15.7 vs 16.8 mm). Median Opt-60 image quality ranged from 3 to 4.5 across readers. Conclusions: Organ-level TCM preserved liver metastasis detection at 60% of the original effective dose, outperforming uniform dose reduction. Task-specific organ-level dose optimization may enable greater CT dose reduction than uniform strategies for patients requiring repeated metastasis surveillance.