Progenitor and Explosion Mechanism of 3C 397 Indicated from XRISM High-resolution Spectroscopy of Fe-group Elements

Hiroshi Nakajima; Yuken Ohshiro; Shing-Chi Leung; Koji Mori; Yoshiaki Kanemaru; Yoshitomo Maeda; Hiroya Yamaguchi; Masayoshi Nobukawa; Kumiko Nobukawa; Manabu Ishida; Yuichiro Ezoe

arXiv · 2607.25575

Progenitor and Explosion Mechanism of 3C 397 Indicated from XRISM High-resolution Spectroscopy of Fe-group Elements

Hiroshi Nakajima·Yuken Ohshiro·Shing-Chi Leung·Koji Mori·Yoshiaki Kanemaru·Yoshitomo Maeda·Hiroya Yamaguchi·Masayoshi Nobukawa·Kumiko Nobukawa·Manabu Ishida·Yuichiro Ezoe

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Abstract

We present spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy of the Type Ia supernova remnant 3C 397, one of the most promising candidates to have originated from a white dwarf with a mass close to the Chandrasekhar limit. The remnant was observed during the performance verification phase of the X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM), with the field of view of the Resolve calorimeter array positioned on the eastern half of the remnant. We divide the Resolve field of view into southeastern and northeastern regions and extract spectra from each region for both Resolve and Xtend. The Resolve spectra are characterized by narrow K-shell emission lines from intermediate-mass elements (IMEs) such as Si, S, Ar, and Ca, and by broader K-shell emission lines from iron-group elements (IGEs) such as Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni. K-shell emission lines from Ti and Cr are also detected, and are found to be locally enhanced in the southeastern region, as reported in previous observations. We model the Resolve and Xtend spectra simultaneously by a non-equilibrium ionization (NEI) plasma model with multiple temperatures and ionization states. The observed mass ratios of Ti/Fe and Cr/Fe in the southeastern region can only be explained by nucleosynthesis in a neutron-rich environment produced by electron-capture reactions in the innermost layers of the exploding white dwarf. By comparing the observed mass ratios with those predicted by nucleosynthesis models, we constrain the central density to be >= 4.0 x 10^9 g cm^{-3} for the deflagration-to-detonation transition model and >= 6.0 x 10^9 g cm^{-3} for the pure turbulent deflagration model. On the other hand, the observed Ni/Fe mass ratio is globally enhanced across the field of view, suggesting an additional neutronization mechanism beyond electron-capture reactions, such as a higher progenitor metallicity.

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Hiroshi Nakajima, Yuken Ohshiro, Shing-Chi Leung, Koji Mori, Yoshiaki Kanemaru, Yoshitomo Maeda, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Kumiko Nobukawa, Manabu Ishida, Yuichiro Ezoe. 2026-07-28. Progenitor and Explosion Mechanism of 3C 397 Indicated from XRISM High-resolution Spectroscopy of Fe-group Elements. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.25575

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