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arXiv · 2607.26325

Joint Beamforming, Energy Management, and Trajectory Optimization for Figure-Eight Loitering in Solar-Powered HAPS-Enabled ISAC Systems

Xue Zhang·Bang Huang·Mohamed-Slim Alouini
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Abstract

Solar-powered high-altitude platform stations (HAPSs) provide a promising platform for integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) owing to their wide-area coverage and long-endurance operation. This paper proposes a solar-powered HAPS-enabled ISAC framework for sustainable day-night operation, where a figure-eight loitering architecture is adopted to provide persistent ISAC services over geographically separated regions while harvesting solar energy. A unified communication-sensing-energy model is developed by jointly characterizing solar energy harvesting, battery dynamics, propulsion power consumption, communication transmission, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. Based on this model, coupled optimization problems are formulated for daytime operation (DTO) and nighttime operation (NTO), where the battery state bridges the two operational phases through a long-term energy budget. The proposed framework jointly optimizes communication, sensing, mobility, and energy management to maximize daytime communication performance while minimizing nighttime propulsion energy consumption. Efficient iterative algorithms are developed to solve the resulting non-convex optimization problems. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed communication-sensing-energy co-design and demonstrate that the proposed framework effectively supports sustainable day-night ISAC operation.

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Xue Zhang, Bang Huang, Mohamed-Slim Alouini. 2026-07-28. Joint Beamforming, Energy Management, and Trajectory Optimization for Figure-Eight Loitering in Solar-Powered HAPS-Enabled ISAC Systems. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.26325

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