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arXiv · 2607.26437

Graphene-based Hemispherical Transmitarray Antenna for Wide-Angle Beam Steering and Ultrafast Moving Target Tracking

Somayeh Komeylian·Christopher Paolini
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Abstract

This work expands the application of dynamically tunable graphene to implement a hemispherical transmitarray antenna tailored for wide-angle electronic beam steering and ultrafast moving-target tracking at 250 GHz. The proposed hemispherical transmitarray antenna features a dynamically reconfigurable graphene-based multilayer configuration consisting of gold radiating patches, biased graphene sectors, hBN dielectric layers, and a centrally positioned hornfeed. The analytical framework of graphene-based reconfigurable metasurfaces including graphene surface-conductivity modeling, voltage-controlled surface impedance, transmission-coefficient, and conformal array-factor analysis, has been established for hemispherical transmitarray antenna for the first time. Moreover, the analytical and practical mapping between desired beam directions and the corresponding graphene bias voltages have been developed for the transmitarray antenna for the first time. Our transmitarray antenna possesses exceptional 3D beamsteering, providing wide-angle elevation scanning from -87 degrees to 87 degrees and full 360-degree azimuthal coverage. It also exhibits an antenna efficiency ranging from 68% to 80% with a 10% degradation.

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Somayeh Komeylian, Christopher Paolini. 2026-07-29. Graphene-based Hemispherical Transmitarray Antenna for Wide-Angle Beam Steering and Ultrafast Moving Target Tracking. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.26437

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