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arXiv · 2607.28599

Harmonic, radial, and shell stability of the weighted Einstein constraints on the sphere at infinity

Bruno Le Floch·Philippe G. LeFloch
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Abstract

We consider fourth-order and second-order partial differential operators localized on domains of the sphere in arbitrary dimension. These operators arise as weighted compositions of the linearized Einstein constraint operators and their adjoints, and played a key role in our resolution of the optimal localization problem in general relativity, also referred to as the gravitational shielding problem. To control the asymptotic behavior of solutions to Einstein's constraints in our companion paper (preprint arXiv:2312.17706), we introduced the notions of harmonic, radial, and shell stability. Harmonic stability controls the borderline harmonic modes, radial stability governs the radial evolution of spherical averages, and shell stability controls the coupled radial-angular evolution of solutions. In the present paper, we establish that these stability properties follow from weighted Poincaré, Korn, and Hardy inequalities. Furthermore, in arbitrary dimension, we investigate the behavior of the associated geometric constants, and conclude that the stability conditions hold for a broad class of localization functions; the theory applies to arbitrarily small localization domains, corresponding to gluing cones with arbitrarily small aperture. At the opposite extreme, our conditions also hold on the entire sphere, corresponding to the absence of localization. This completes, for gluing cones of arbitrarily small aperture in every dimension, the program initiated by A. Carlotto and R. Schoen on gravitational shielding and the construction of solutions enjoying super-harmonic decay estimates. In our proofs, we introduce Hamiltonian and momentum functionals, which we call shell functionals, and show that they enjoy monotonicity and semi-coercivity properties; their structure also suggests possible analogies with functionals arising in other curvature-related geometric problems.

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Bruno Le Floch, Philippe G. LeFloch. 2026-07-30. Harmonic, radial, and shell stability of the weighted Einstein constraints on the sphere at infinity. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.28599

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