Excitation region of Kerr black hole quasinormal modes from Stokes geometry

Abstract

We investigate the excitation region of black hole quasinormal modes (QNMs) from both analytical and numerical perspectives. On the analytical side, we propose that the QNM excitation radius is identified by the dominance switching of WKB solutions across an anti-Stokes line. Based on this picture, we derive the condition for the QNM excitation radius in Kerr spacetime. In the Schwarzschild limit with mass $M$, we reproduce the previously known value $r=2.556929 M$, which differs from the light ring radius $r=3M$. We also show that the excitation radius is independent of the angular mode $\ell$ in the high-overtone limit. As an independent approach, we employ the numerical convergence test of QNM-plus-tail expansion and obtain values consistent with the Stokes geometry in the high-overtone limit at low and intermediate spins. In the extremal limit, the QNM convergence radius approaches the outer horizon, which is captured by the Stokes geometry of the zero-damping modes, rather than the high-overtone limit. This is consistent with the fact that the ringdown is dominated by zero-damping modes in the extremal limit. Based on the complementary analysis of Stokes geometry and the convergence test, we argue that in general, the QNM excitation radius depends on the QNM overtone number, giving rise to an effective QNM convergence region.