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arXiv · 2608.02756

Dynamic Induction of Lattice Gauge Theories on a Quantum Computer

Barbara Andrade·Declan Millar·Lewis Anderson·Vincent R. Pascuzzi·Maciej Lewenstein·Ivano Tavernelli·Jad C. Halimeh·Tobias Grass
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Abstract

Gauge invariance is central to modern physics and underpins quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories (LGTs). Existing quantum simulation approaches employ Gauss's law either to energetically suppress gauge-violating processes in analog platforms or to detect and discard gauge-violating outcomes in digital devices. Here we introduce a third paradigm, in which Gauss's law is used to dynamically generate the gauge theory itself from a substantially simpler Hamiltonian. Starting from a readily programmable three-body XXX model, we employ experimentally efficient single-qubit U(1) gauge symmetry-generator terms that induce the dynamics of a U(1) LGT. We implement this approach using 101 qubits on a 156-qubit IBM quantum processor and observe real-time dynamics in quantitative agreement with the target LGT while reducing the entangling-gate depth per Trotter step by a factor of five compared with a direct implementation. Our results establish gauge protection as a resource for Hamiltonian engineering rather than merely symmetry preservation, opening a scalable resource-efficient route towards digital quantum simulations of increasingly complex gauge theories in higher spatial dimensions.

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Barbara Andrade, Declan Millar, Lewis Anderson, Vincent R. Pascuzzi, Maciej Lewenstein, Ivano Tavernelli, Jad C. Halimeh, Tobias Grass. 2026-08-03. Dynamic Induction of Lattice Gauge Theories on a Quantum Computer. https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.02756

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